Santa Cruz runs the last great seaside boardwalk in America. The Awaswas-speaking Ohlone have been the original peoples of this coast for thousands of years. On August 28, 1791, Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén — Junípero Serra's successor as president of the California missions — raised the cross at the mouth of the San Lorenzo River and founded Mission Santa Cruz, the twelfth of the twenty-one missions and the only one named not for a saint but for the Holy Cross itself. The river flooded the mission its first winter, so the padres rebuilt on the bluff above; the Neary-Rodriguez Adobe of the rebuilt mission still stands today at Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park, and it is the best-preserved Native-housing building in the entire California mission chain. In 1796 the Spanish founded a pueblo across the river called Branciforte. An 1840 earthquake cracked the bell tower, and the great 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake brought the rest of the mission down; Holy Cross Church went up on the site in 1889, and a half-size replica of the original chapel was built in 1932 with Gladys Sullivan Doyle's money. The city incorporated in 1866. Down at the mouth of the river, the beach had been a bathing destination since John Leibrandt opened his bathhouse there in 1865; in 1907, the promoter Fred W. Swanton — chasing the dream of a Coney Island of the West — opened the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, which has been running every season since and is today California's oldest surviving amusement park. Charles I. D. Looff delivered his hand-carved carousel from Long Beach in August of 1911, with a 342-pipe organ already eighteen years old at the time of installation. Charles's son Arthur Looff built the Giant Dipper, a 70-foot-tall, 2,640-foot-long wooden roller coaster, and opened it on May 17, 1924 — today one of the oldest operating wooden coasters in the United States, the fourth-oldest in the country. On February 24, 1987, the U.S. Secretary of the Interior designated the Carousel and the Giant Dipper, together, as a National Historic Landmark, and the entire Boardwalk is California Historical Landmark No. 983. On October 17, 1989, at 5:04 in the afternoon, the magnitude-6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake on the San Andreas Fault struck with its epicenter in the Santa Cruz Mountains, and downtown Santa Cruz's Pacific Garden Mall was rebuilt afterward as the pedestrian district that runs Pacific Avenue today. Steamer Lane breaks off Lighthouse Point, Pleasure Point breaks at the eastern end of town, and Natural Bridges State Beach holds the sea arches and the monarchs. Big Basin, the first state park in California, was set aside in 1902. The redwoods start where the boardwalk ends. On Monterey Bay since 1791.
The Awaswas-speaking Ohlone fished, gathered acorns, and stewarded the Monterey Bay coast for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived. Lasuén's 1791 mission and the Branciforte pueblo of 1796 brought European agriculture and ranching to the San Lorenzo lowlands; secularization arrived in 1834. The American era began with statehood in 1850, and by the 1850s and 1860s Santa Cruz was a lumber town, milling the redwoods of the Santa Cruz Mountains and shipping the wood north to rebuild San Francisco after every fire. The city incorporated in 1866. Henry Cowell, who gave his name to the state park up the river, ran the lumber that ran the town.
Why People Visit Santa Cruz California
Santa Cruz offers California's oldest surviving amusement park on the bay, the 1911 Looff Carousel and the 1924 Giant Dipper as a paired National Historic Landmark since 1987, the only original Mission Santa Cruz building still standing as the best-preserved Native-housing structure in any California mission, the world-class surf breaks at Steamer Lane and Pleasure Point, the three-and-a-half miles of West Cliff Drive, the sea arches and monarch grove at Natural Bridges, the rebuilt Pacific Garden Mall downtown, the redwoods of Henry Cowell and Big Basin — California's first state park — and the long Monterey Bay shoreline from the Wharf east to Pleasure Point. It is a coast town that has been running its boardwalk longer than any other California city has been running anything along the Pacific. On Monterey Bay since 1791.
