The twentieth century made Honolulu strategic as well as central. Pearl Harbor, west of downtown, grew into a major naval base, and on December 7, 1941 the attack there brought the United States into World War II — a day of great loss that is remembered now at the Pearl Harbor National Memorial. After the war the city boomed, and in 1959 Hawaiʻi became the fiftieth state, with Honolulu as its capital. Through territory, war, and statehood, the harbor city remained the islands' unquestioned center of government, trade, and life.
Honolulu begins with its harbor. The name itself means roughly "sheltered bay" or "calm port," and that protected water is the reason a city grew here at all. Native Hawaiians settled the harbor and the green valleys behind it for centuries, building walled fishponds along the shore, farming kalo in the wet lowlands, and reading the trade winds that funnel down from the Koʻolau mountains. The land ran in ahupuaʻa — wedge-shaped divisions reaching from the mountains down to the reef — so a single community held everything from upland forest to fishing grounds. Long before any foreign sail appeared, this was a gathering place, a sheltered shore at the center of a well-settled island.
Why People Visit Honolulu
Honolulu offers the full range of Hawaiʻi in one place — royal and wartime history, world-class museums, and a famous shoreline, all in a walkable, welcoming capital city. Visitors come for Diamond Head, the beaches, and the heritage downtown, and stay for the food, the culture, and the easy access to the rest of Oʻahu. From the palace to the crater to the harbor, it rewards both a quick visit and a long stay. It is historic, cosmopolitan, and unmistakably Hawaiian.
