The city proper was a railroad decision. When the Florida Railroad plotted its line from Fernandina to Cedar Key, Alachua County's seat sat at Newnansville — off the route. At an 1853 picnic gathering at Boulware Springs, county voters chose to move the courthouse to a new town on the line, and by 1854 Gainesville existed, named for General Edmund P. Gaines of the Seminole Wars, with Major James B. Bailey furnishing the founding land. The rails arrived in 1859, cotton and vegetables moved out by the carload, and the town incorporated on April 14, 1869.
Gainesville is where the prairie still runs wild — a North-Central Florida city where you can watch wild bison and free-roaming horses graze a 21,000-acre savanna an hour after walking out of a research lab. The seat of Alachua County since 1854, it grew from a railroad market town on the old cotton frontier into one of America's great college towns, wrapped around Florida's first state preserve and pocked with karst springs and sinkholes that keep the wild close. Live oaks, Spanish moss, black water and green shade: this is real Florida, the interior kind, and Gainesville has never let it go.
Why People Visit Gainesville Florida
- Hike Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park, Florida's first state preserve and a National Natural Landmark, with chances to spot wild bison, free-roaming horses, and alligators from the La Chua Trail and Alachua Sink overlook.
- Walk into Devil's Millhopper Geological State Park, a 120-foot, 500-foot-wide sinkhole with a rainforest microclimate and a chain of small waterfalls.
- Follow the Bartram Trail through the Alachua savanna country described by William Bartram in 1774, the canonical Western account of Paynes Prairie and the surrounding springs.
- Stroll the Duckpond / NE Gainesville Residential District, with its wide porches, live oaks, and late-19th and early-20th-century homes.
- Catch a show or tour the 1911 Hippodrome downtown, a Beaux-Arts former Federal Building now the city's anchor theatre and architectural landmark.
- Wander Sweetwater Wetlands Park for boardwalk views of alligators, wading birds, and the headwaters that drain into Paynes Prairie.
- Day-trip to nearby Micanopy, Cedar Key, and the Santa Fe and Ichetucknee springs region for spring runs, antique shops, and Gulf-coast back roads.
