People have gathered here for more than a thousand years. Polynesian voyagers settled Oʻahu from the south, raising taro in its valleys, walling fishponds along its reefs, and building heiau across the island — among them Puʻu o Mahuka above the North Shore, the largest temple site on Oʻahu. The island's defining moment came in 1795, when King Kamehameha I landed his war canoes on the south shore and met the forces of Kalanikūpule in the steep Nuʻuanu Valley. The fighting climbed the ridge to the cliffs of the Nuʻuanu Pali, where hundreds of defenders were driven over the precipice. With that victory Kamehameha took Oʻahu and all but completed the unification of the Hawaiian Islands — Kauaʻi would join by negotiation in 1810 — and the island stood at the center of the new kingdom.
The island also gave the world something joyful. At Waikākā, in the early twentieth century, the ancient Hawaiian art of heʻe nalu — wave-sliding — was carried into the modern age, above all by Duke Kahanamoku, Waikākā's Olympic swimmer and the father of modern surfing. Duke won Olympic gold in 1912 and 1920, and spent his life giving surfing demonstrations from California to Australia, becoming Hawaiʻi's great ambassador of aloha. On the North Shore, the open Pacific delivers the biggest rideable waves on earth along a famous seven-mile stretch, and winter names like Pipeline, Waimea and Sunset became the proving ground of big-wave surfing. From these shores the sport spread around the world — Oʻahu is where surfing, ancient and modern, belongs.
Why People Visit Oʻahu
Oʻahu offers the whole of Hawaiʻi in one place: deep history and living culture, world-famous surf, a great multicultural city, and beaches for every mood. It is where most visitors begin — and, for the million people who live here, simply home, the island where Hawaiʻi gathers.
