The missions came first, but the town proper came in 1731, when fifty-six colonists from the Canary Islands — sent across the Atlantic by the Spanish crown — laid out San Fernando de Béxar around a central plaza and began the church that became San Fernando Cathedral. It was the first organized civil town in Texas, and their plaza is still the heart of downtown. For the next century San Antonio was the most important town between the Rio Grande and the Louisiana line — the capital of Spanish, and then Mexican, Texas.
It started with a mission and a river. In 1718 Spanish friars founded a mission and a presidio on a spring-fed river in South Texas and named both for St. Anthony. Within a few years there were five missions strung along the water, and a town grew up among them — built by Spanish friars, Canary Island farmers, German brewers, and Texas cattlemen. Three centuries later the missions are a World Heritage Site and the river is the most famous walk in Texas. This is the deep, layered San Antonio underneath it all — and this page tells that story.
Why People Visit San Antonio Texas
- Walk the River Walk (Paseo del Río), the cypress-shaded riverside promenade below street level.
- Visit the Alamo (Mission San Antonio de Valero), the first of the city's five Spanish colonial missions.
- Tour Mission San José, the "Queen of the Missions," with its carved Rose Window and stone granary.
- Follow the Mission Trail to Concepción, San Juan, and Espada along the river.
- Step inside San Fernando Cathedral on Main Plaza, begun by the 1731 Canary Island colonists.
- Explore the Pearl, the restored historic brewery district north of downtown.
- Wander Brackenridge Park and the Japanese Tea Garden, with stone footbridges and koi ponds.
- Browse Market Square (El Mercado), the largest Mexican market in the United States.
